Short-term LDL cholesterol-lowering efficacy of plant stanol esters

BACKGROUND: The short-term cholesterol-lowering efficacy of plant stanol esters has been open to debate, and the data from different clinical studies with hypercholesterolemic subjects are variable, partly due to lack of systematic studies. Therefore, we investigated the time in days needed to obtain the full cholesterol-lowering effect of stanol esters in hypercholesterolemic subjects. METHODS: Eleven mildly to moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects consumed stanol ester margarine (2.0 g/day of stanols) as a part of their habitual diet for 14 days and the changes in serum lipid values were measured three times at 4, 8 and 15 days after the initiation of test margarine consumption (0 day). The returning of serum lipid concentrations to baseline was measured two times after 2 or 3 days and after 7 days of the end of the test margarine consumption. RESULTS: Serum LDL cholesterol concentrations were reduced from 0 day (4.51 ± 0.66 mmol/l) by 3.5% (P = ns), 9.9% (p < 0.05) and 10.2% (P < 0.05) at 4, 8 and 15 days, respectively. Serum campesterol/total cholesterol ratio, an indirect marker of intestinal cholesterol absorption, was significantly reduced on day 4 already. After ending the stanol ester use serum cholesterol concentrations began to return rapidly and after 7 days serum LDL cholesterol was 5.3% less than the initial value (P = ns). CONCLUSION: The specific effect of plant stanol esters on serum LDL cholesterol can fully be obtained within 1–2 weeks of the use of plant stanol ester-enriched margarine

High cholesterol absorption : A risk factor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases?

Lowering elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations reduces the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs). However, increasing evidence suggests that cholesterol metabolism may also be involved in the risk reduction of ASCVD events. In this review, we discuss if the different profiles of cholesterol metabolism, with a focus on high cholesterol absorption, are atherogenic, and what could be the possible mechanisms. The potential associations of cholesterol metabolism and the risk of ASCVDs are evaluated from genetic, metabolic, and population-based studies and lipid-lowering interventions. According to these studies, loss-of-function genetic variations in the small intestinal sterol transporters ABCG5 and ABCG8 result in high cholesterol absorption associated with low cholesterol synthesis, low cholesterol elimination from the body, and a high risk of ASCVDs. In contrast, loss-of-function genetic variations in another intestinal sterol transporter, NPC1L1 result in low cholesterol absorption associated with high cholesterol synthesis, elevated cholesterol elimination from the body, and low risk of ASCVDs. Statin monotherapy is not sufficient to reduce the ASCVD risk in cases of high cholesterol absorption, and these individuals need combination therapy of statin with cholesterol absorption inhibition. High cholesterol absorption, i.e., >60%, is estimated to occur in approximately one third of a population, so taking it into consideration is important to optimise lipid-lowering therapy to prevent atherosclerosis and reduce the risk of ASCVD events.Peer reviewe

High cholesterol absorption:a risk factor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases?

Abstract Lowering elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations reduces the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs). However, increasing evidence suggests that cholesterol metabolism may also be involved in the risk reduction of ASCVD events. In this review, we discuss if the different profiles of cholesterol metabolism, with a focus on high cholesterol absorption, are atherogenic, and what could be the possible mechanisms. The potential associations of cholesterol metabolism and the risk of ASCVDs are evaluated from genetic, metabolic, and population-based studies and lipid-lowering interventions. According to these studies, loss-of-function genetic variations in the small intestinal sterol transporters ABCG5 and ABCG8 result in high cholesterol absorption associated with low cholesterol synthesis, low cholesterol elimination from the body, and a high risk of ASCVDs. In contrast, loss-of-function genetic variations in another intestinal sterol transporter, NPC1L1 result in low cholesterol absorption associated with high cholesterol synthesis, elevated cholesterol elimination from the body, and low risk of ASCVDs. Statin monotherapy is not sufficient to reduce the ASCVD risk in cases of high cholesterol absorption, and these individuals need combination therapy of statin with cholesterol absorption inhibition. High cholesterol absorption, i.e., >60%, is estimated to occur in approximately one third of a population, so taking it into consideration is important to optimise lipid-lowering therapy to prevent atherosclerosis and reduce the risk of ASCVD events

Industrial preparation of potato products in sunflower oils

Trabajo presentado en el 86th AOCS Annual Meeting, celebrado en San Antonio, Texas (Estados Unidos) del 07 al 11 de mayo de 1995

Industrial production of crisps and prefried french fries using sunflower oils

9 páginas, 3 figuras, 8 tablas.Crisps and prefried french fries were prepared during industrial operations in order to study the possibility of using sunflower oils («normal» and high oleic) instead of palm olein and mixtures of partially hydrogenated vegetable oils and palm oil in industrial frying. The quality of the food items was evaluated by determining the total amount of polar components, the amount of the different components in the polar fraction (dimers, oxidized triglycerides, diglycerides), the quantity of cyclic fatty acid monomers (CFAM), as well as the 18:2 geometrical fatty acid isomers. For both the production of crisps and french fries, very small increase in the polar components was observed. Frying of crisps did not result in any changes in the fatty acid composition and in the amount of 18:2 geometrical isomers. However the amount of CFAM increased in samples fried in SO. An increase of CFAM was observed also for french fries independently of the nature of the frying medium. No modifications of the cis and trans isomer distributions were observed for the french fries prepared in the mixture of palm oil and partially hydrogenated canola. These results show that sunflower oils could be used for the industrial production of french fries and crisps. However, storage studies are being carried out in order to determine if both types of sunflower oils give products which are as stable as those prepared in a solid frying medium.This study was funded by an E. U. grant, AIR1 CT92-0687.Peer reviewe